The instructions to install the software on your own computer are provided below.

Best Practices in Data Organisation Using Spreadsheets

Data for Spreadsheets Lesson

The data used in this lesson comes from a project observing a small mammal community in southern Arizona, US. This is part of a project studying the effects of rodents and ants on the plant community that has been running for almost 40 years. The rodents are sampled on a series of 24 plots, with different experimental manipulations controlling which rodents are allowed to access which plots. This is a real dataset that has been used in over 100 publications. It is published at Ecological Archives and can be found on Portal Project Database. This data is open and free to use for research purposes.

For the purposes of training, this data has been simplified a bit (you can still download the full dataset and work with it using exactly the same tools we will learn here). This simplified version of data is available from the Portal Project Teaching Dataset. In this lesson, you will need to download the following five files from the Portal Project Teaching Dataset:

• messy_survey_data.xls - this is the main file we will work with. It includes messy survey data (in Excel’s .xlsx format) that you will clean during the lesson and use to learn some best practices in data organisation.

Install Microsoft Excel

Microsoft Excel is commonly provided by most institutions with the Microsoft Office suite via an instututional licence. On Windows and MacOS, Microsoft Excel can be downloaded using the Microsoft Store and the App Store respectively. On Linux, you may use Microsoft Excel in a web browser. This is not reccomended and we suggest you use an alterntive such as LibreOffice instead. If you do not have access to a Microsoft Office licence, please use an alternative such as LibreOffice.

Install LibreOffice

In the lesson, Microsoft Excel is used as the spreadsheet software of choice. An alternative spreadsheet software to Microsoft Excel is LibreOffice Calc. There will be some commands and formatting options which differ between Calc and Excel, but the general workflow and ideas for thinking about data organisation in spreadsheets are the same.

Windows

• Download the Installer
  • Install LibreOffice by going to the installation page. The version for Windows should automatically be selected. Click Download Version X.X.X (whichever is the most recent version). You will go to a page that asks about a donation, but you do not need to make one. Your download should begin automatically.
• Once the installer is downloaded, double click on it and an installer for LibreOffice will launch. The default options are fine.

MacOS

• Download the Installer
  • Install LibreOffice by going to the installation page. The version for MacOS should automatically be selected, however you may need to switch to the Apple Silicon version. Click Download Version X.X.X (whichever is the most recent version). You will go to a page that asks about a donation, but you do not need to make one. Your download should begin automatically.
• Once the installer is downloaded, double click on it and drag LibreOffice.app into the Applications folder.

Linux

• Download the Installer
  • Install LibreOffice by going to the installation page. The version for Linux should automatically be selected. Click Download Version X.X.X (whichever is the most recent version). You will go to a page that asks about a donation, but you do not need to make one. Your download should begin automatically.
• Install LibreOffice using the file you downloaded.

Data Cleaning with OpenRefine

Introduction to the Data for this Lesson

The data used in this lesson comes from a project observing a small mammal community in southern Arizona, US. This is part of a project studying the effects of rodents and ants on the plant community that has been running for almost 40 years. The rodents are sampled on a series of 24 plots, with different experimental manipulations controlling which rodents are allowed to access which plots. This is a real dataset that has been used in over 100 publications. It is published at Ecological Archives and can be found on Portal Project Database. This data is open and free to use for research purposes.

Download Data for OpenRefine Lesson

The Portal Project Teaching Dataset is a real dataset that has been used in over 100 publications. We have simplified it for the purposes of this lesson, but you can download the full dataset (see below for details) and work with it using exactly the same tools we will learn here.

For this lesson, you will need to download the following file (remember where you downloaded the file!):

• portal_project_rodents.csv

Data in some of the columns of the above file (e.g. geolocation, locality, county, country, JSON) are contrived for the purpose of the lessons and are in no way related to the original dataset.

Install OpenRefine

For this lesson you will need OpenRefine (formerly GoogleRefine) and a web browser. Download the most recent version of OpenRefine for your operating system, then follow the instructions below.

OpenRefine is a Java program that runs locally on your machine (i.e. you are not accessing a remote service on the Internet). OpenRefine for Mac come with embedded Java, on Windows please select Windows kit with embedded Java, on Linux you will need to install Java separately.

Once it is running on your machine, you access it via your browser at the address http://localhost:3333. No Internet connection is needed for this as the programme is running locally.

Windows

• If you have Internet Explorer (or Edge) set as your default web browser, check that you have Firefox or Chrome installed and set either of them as your default browser. OpenRefine runs in your default browser, but may not run correctly in Internet Explorer. You can check how to set your browser as default for Google Chrome or Firefox.
• Unzip the downloaded file into a directory by right-clicking and selecting Extract.... Name that directory something like OpenRefine.
• Locate openrefine.exe in the extracted folder and launch OpenRefine by double-clicking on it. This will launch a command prompt window first.
• Wait for OpenRefine to launch in your default Web browser, which is where you will interact with the program. If this does not happen, head to http://localhost:3333 in your Web browser of choice.

Mac

• Check that you have Firefox or Chrome browser installed and set as your default browser. You can check how to set your browser as default for Google Chrome or Firefox.
• Locate the downloaded .dmg file and Ctrl-click it. You may get the warning “macOS cannot verify the developer of “OpenRefine.app”. Are you sure you want to open it?” Click ‘Yes’/’Open’ to this.
• Drag OpenRefine.app into your Applications folder, and Ctrl-click to open it. You may get the warning “macOS cannot verify the developer of “OpenRefine.app”. Are you sure you want to open it?” Click ‘Yes’/’Open’ to this.
• Wait for OpenRefine to launch in your default Web browser, which is where you will interact with the program. If this does not happen, head to http://localhost:3333 in your Web browser of choice.

Linux

• This requires Java to be installed on your computer. If you do not already have it, download OpenJDK Java.
• Check that you have Firefox or Chrome browser installed and set as your default browser. You can check how to set your browser as default for Google Chrome or Firefox.
• Unzip the downloaded file into a directory. Go to this directory from terminal and type ./refine to start.
• Wait for OpenRefine to launch in your default Web browser, which is where you will interact with the program. If this does not happen, head to http://localhost:3333 in your Web browser of choice.

Text Editor

A text editor is the piece of software you use to view and write code. If you have a preferred text editor, please use it. Suggestions for text editors are, Notepad++ (Windows), TextEdit (macOS), Gedit (GNU/Linux), GNU Nano, Vim. Alternatively, there are IDE’s (integrated developer environments) that have more features specifically for coding such as VS Code; there are also IDEs specific to languages will be listed in the appropriate section(s) below.

Managing Academic Software Development

GitHub

We’ll be using the website GitHub to host, back up, and distribute our code. You’ll need to create an account there. As your GitHub username will appear in the URLs of your projects there, it’s best to use a short, clear version of your name if you can.

Project Demo Repository

We’ll be showing you how to manage an example academic software project. If you’ve completed our Version Control with git workshop, you’ll have a finished version of our climate-analysis repository (you’ll have used the template from here) If not, please create a copy of it from this template (linked here), and name it climate-analysis.

Install Visual Studio Code

This workshop involves editing code files. Whilst you can use any text editor to do this, some code editors or Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) have features designed to make coding easier. If you’re already using a code editor or IDE (e.g. Atom, Sublime Text or Spyder), stick with what you’re comfortable with. If not, we’d recommend installing Visual Studio Code (link here).

Windows / MacOS

Go to the Visual Studio Code website, and download and run the installer.

Linux

If you’re on Ubuntu, Visual Studio Code should be available through the software centre! If not, follow the detailed instructions here to install it.

The Bash Shell

Open a Terminal

For this lesson, first you need to be able to open a terminal:

• On Windows: We’ll be using Git Bash. If you’ve already installed Git Bash then go to the next section. Otherwise, go to git for windows and click Download, then install it. Most of the options can be left on default, but be sure you check these:
  • Choosing the default editor used by Git: Make sure Nano is selected from the drop-down. If you’re comfortable with other editors, feel free to change it, but we recommend Nano - we use it as it’s present on Windows, Mac and Linux. If you change it, you might not quite match what we’re doing on-screen.
  • Adjusting your PATH environment: Make sure Git from the command line and also from 3rd-party software is selected.
  • Choosing HTTPS transport backend: Make sure Use the native Windows Secure Channel Library is selected.
  • Configuring the terminal emulator to use with Git Bash: Make sure Use Windows’ default console window is selected.
• On Mac OS X: accessed by opening the “Terminal” application, which can be found in the “Utilities” folder which is in your “Applications” folder.
• On Linux: this will depend on the Linux distribution you are running, but you should be able to find a “Terminal” application in your desktop’s application menu.

Git Setup

Windows

We’ll be using Git Bash for both git and a shell to run it in. If you’ve already installed Git Bash then go to the next section. Otherwise, go to git for windows and click Download, then install it. Most of the options can be left on default, but be sure you check these:

• Choosing the default editor used by Git: Make sure Nano is selected from the drop-down. If you’re comfortable with other editors, feel free to change it, but we recommend Nano - we use it as it’s present on Windows, Mac and Linux. If you change it, you might not quite match what we’re doing on-screen.
• Adjusting your PATH environment: Make sure Git from the command line and also from 3rd-party software is selected.
• Choosing HTTPS transport backend: Make sure Use the native Windows Secure Channel Library is selected.
• Configuring the terminal emulator to use with Git Bash: Make sure Use Windows’ default console window is selected.

Mac OS

To use Git you must install the Apple Command Line Tools, this may take a few minutes.

You can obtain these from Apple (requires your Apple ID)

• Select Command Line Tools for Xcode 12 (or higher) and click the link to download the dmg archive.
• If prompted, choose to allow downloads from developer.apple.com
• Open the downloaded dmg archive from the Downloads folder
• Double-click the Command Line Tools.pkg icon to install

Alternatively, you can install the tools from the command line:

$ xcode-select --install

Linux

Git comes pre-installed on most Linux distributions. You can test if it’s installed by running git --version. If it’s not installed, you can install it by running sudo apt-get install git or sudo yum install git, depending on your distribution.

Download Data for Shell Lesson

Open a terminal and type the following into the prompt that appears (pressing enter/return after each line):

$ cd
$ git clone https://github.com/Southampton-RSG-Training/shell-novice.git

cd will move to your home directory, and git clone will download a copy of the materials.

This should download all the content for the lesson to a new directory. Please let the instructors know if you run into any problems.

Version Control with Git

Building Programs with Python

Python Setup

The “Anaconda3” package provides everything Python-related you will need for the workshop. To install Anaconda, follow the instructions below.

Some old research projects may be in Python 2 but Python 2 has been retired and new projects should be in Python 3.

Windows

Download the latest Anaconda Windows installer. Double-click the installer and follow the instructions. When asked “Add Anaconda to my PATH environment variable”, answer “yes”. It will warn you not to, but it’s required for it to be found by git bash After it’s finished, close and reopen any open terminals to reload the updated PATH and allow the installed Python to be found.

Once the Anaconda installation is finished you will be asked if you want the installer to initialize Anaconda3 by running conda init? You should select yes. Alternatively/additionally you will need to run the following command in GitBash

conda init bash

Then close and reopen GitBash.

Please test the python install open GitBash (or your favorite terminal) and run the following command to verify that the installation was successful.

cd ~
python

You can then type the following to exit:

quit()

In some cases GitBash will hang on this command and not launch the Python interpreter. 
In this case close and reopen git bash and issue the following commands:

cd ~
echo 'alias python="winpty python.exe"' >> ~/.bash_profile
source .bash_profile
python

Note that for older versions of git bash you will need to use .bashrc rather than .bash_profile

Mac OS X

Mac OS Intel

Download the latest Anaconda Mac OS X installer. Double-click the .pkg file and follow the instructions.

Mac OS M1

If you have a M1 Mac you need a specific version of Anaconda follow the link below.

M1 Compatible Anaconda

Once the Anaconda installation is finished you will be asked if you want the installer to initialize Anaconda3 by running conda init? You should select yes.

Linux

Download the latest Anaconda Linux Installer.

Install via the terminal like this (you will need to change the version number to the latest version):

First move to the folder where you downloaded the installer, this is likely to be the Downloads folder e.g.

$ cd ~/Downloads

$ bash Anaconda3-2021.11-Linux-x86_64.sh

Answer ‘yes’ to allow the installer to initialize Anaconda3 in your .bashrc.

Download Data for Python Lesson

Now we are ready to download the code that we need for this lesson. Open a terminal on your machine, and enter:

$ cd
$ git clone https://github.com/Southampton-RSG-Training/python-novice

cd will move to your home directory, and git clone will download a copy of the materials.

Introductory Data Management with R

Install R and RStudio

R is a programming language and software environment for statistical computing and graphics. The RStudio Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is a set of tools designed to help you be more productive with R.

We need to install R and RStudio: The latest links can be found on the RStudio downloads page. Alternatively, you can install R and RStudio from Software Centre if you are using a University of Southampton laptop.

R

R can be found at https://cran.rstudio.com/, from here pick your OS and download the latest release, see below for direct links to your OS.

Windows

• https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/base/

Mac OS

• If prompted, choose to allow downloads from cran.rstudio.com.

• https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/macosx/

  • For intel based macs choose R-4...pkg
  • For ARM based macs (M1 etc.) choose R-4..-arm64.pkg

Linux

• R is included on many linux distros check to see if it is already present. Else use your package manager (snap, apt, yum), or look here

RStudio

Your OS should be detected and a link provided under step 2 on this page RStudio downloads page. Else select your OS from the list under All Installers.

Windows

Download and run the .exe file and follow instructions given by your OS.

Mac OS

Download the .dmg file.

• If prompted, choose to allow downloads from rstudio.com.
• Open the downloaded dmg archive from the Downloads folder.
• Drag the RStudio icon to the Applications folder to install.

Linux

Download the appropriate install file (.rpm or .deb) for your distro.